How is the Stamp Act an example of the British attempt to make the colonists pay for the French and Indian War? Ideal Answer: The ideal answer should: 1. Explain the high cost for the British government in the French and Indian War that necessitated new taxes to pay for it. 2. Explain the passage of the Stamp Act as a tax on official documents and other paper products purchased in the colonies. 3. Explain how the colonists reacted to the Stamp Act with protests and petitions and violence. 4. Explain how Great Britain responded to the colonial defiance of the act by repealing it over a year later. Learning Objective: 4.1 Page Ref: 72-73 A-head: The Crisis of the British Empire Skill Level: Apply What You Know 74) Why is the French and Indian War important to the study of African-American history? Ideal Answer: The ideal answer should: 1. Explain the causes of the French and Indian War as stemming from conflicts between Britain and France over the fur trade in Canada and Atlantic trade. 2. Explain how Great Britain won the war by destroying French armies in lower Canada. 3. Describe the different perspectives of Parliament and the colonists on the meaning of the war. Parliament saw the war as defending the colonies while the Americans expected their country to pay for the war and allow them to control their own affairs. 4. Comment on the significance of the war for the American Revolution: Winning the war bankrupted the British government, pushing Parliament to pass taxes that alienated the American colonists who left the British empire forever. Learning Objective: 4.1 Page Ref: 71-73 A-head: The Crisis of the British Empire Skill Level: Analyze It 75) What effect did Lord Dunmore’s proclamation have on the Revolution? Be sure to consider the British, Patriot, and African-American perspectives. Ideal Answer: The ideal answer should: 1. Explain that Lord Dunmore issued his proclamation to entice slaves to join his army. 2. Outline the perspective of the Patriots: the British were creating a race war by encouraging slaves to escape southern plantations. 3. Comment on the irony of the democratic basis of the War for Independence while Thomas Jefferson and George Washington lost their own slaves to the British side. 4. Comment on the elevated British opinion, which influenced the Americans, of black fighting ability in battle. 5. Outline the perspective of African-American slaves: Many chose freedom by fighting for the British, only to evacuate to other locations after the war. 6. Explain that the use of ex-slave troops by the British was significant in some battles. Learning Objective: 4.4 Page Ref: 80-82 A-head: African Americans in the War for Independence Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 76) Describe the various types of roles played by blacks during the Revolution. Why did this participation vary by gender and national affiliation? Ideal Answer: The ideal answer should: 1. Outline the different roles based on gender: men fought in the army and served in the navy while women joined them in army camps or battle. Some men and women served as spies. 2. Outline the different roles in combat based on army vs. navy: black men served in both services though their participation in the navies was more significant and less controversial than in the armies of both sides. 3. Outline the different roles based on Patriots vs. Loyalists. Americans forced their slaves to perform work for the U.S. war effort. The British created official black regiments of escaped slaves while the Americans eventually enlisted black troops in the Continental Army but this varied according to state needs and requirements. Learning Objective: 4.4 Page Ref: 80-84 A-head: African Americans in the War for Independence Skill Level: Analyze It 77) Why was it possible to abolish slavery in the North but not in the South? How did African Americans respond to the abolition of slavery in the northern states? Ideal Answer: The ideal answer should: 1. Describe the role of the differing economies that produced the abolition of slavery in the northern states. The climate of the northern states prevented lucrative plantation agriculture in contrast to the South where the climate was perfect and political power became concentrated in the hands of slave holders. 2. Explain that religion played a role in abolition in the northern states through Quaker antislavery sentiment, the Enlightenment, and the First Great Awakening. 3. Outline how blacks responded in varying forms to abolition in the northern states by escaping from slavery in the South and forming black voluntary organizations and communities. Learning Objective: 4.5 Page Ref: 84-87 A-head: The Revolution and Emancipation Skill Level: Apply What You Know CHAPTER 5 Essay Questions 72) What black institution became the core of free black communities in the North beginning in the 1790s? How and why did this institution become the central focus? Ideal Answer: The ideal answer should: 1. Define the black church of the era as arising from slavery days through northern growth to become the bedrock of the black community. 2. Explain that the evolution of the black church in the north was as a segregated institution because whites discriminated against blacks in their churches. 3. Explain the historical development of the AMEC. 4. Note the importance of the black church for assisting other aspects of free black life in the urban North, such as creating leaders, helping escaped slaves, providing education, providing jobs, and serving as voluntary organizations and meeting places. Learning Objective: 5.3 Page Ref: 101-103 A-head: The Emergence of Free Black Communities Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 73) Analyze Map 5-2. What does it demonstrate about black participation in the War of 1812? Ideal Answer: The ideal answer should: 1. Explain the reduced black army military presence as compared to War for Independence because of racism and southern white fears of slave revolts. 2. Comment on the significance of the battles that included black participation such as naval engagements upon the Great Lakes. 3. Note the use of black regiments by the British government in return for freedom for slaves. 4. Comment on the later use of black regiments by New York and black troops by Pennsylvania. 5. Describe the extensive use of black troops by Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans. Learning Objective: 5.5 Page Ref: 108-110 A-head: The War of 1812 Skill Level: Apply What You Know 74) Examine Map 5-2. Why does it illustrate only battles east of the Mississippi River? What does the map indicate in general about the geographical nature of the War of 1812? Ideal Answer: The ideal answer should: 1. Explain that the War of 1812 took place over trade disputes between Great Britain and the U.S., regarding British conflicts with France. Indian policy disputes in the West with Great Britain also fueled tensions. 2. Compare the U.S. and British armies and strategic military plans. The British wanted to extend western forts to embrace Indian alliances, while the U.S. wanted to reduce British military power in the West as well as on the Atlantic Ocean. 3. Describe the geography of North America as having an Atlantic Ocean boundary to the east and an extensive western hinterland with unclear boundaries that created difficulties with the British. The Old Northwest was the American “West” in 1812. 4. Explain that the war took place primarily off the northeast coast where naval engagements largely determined the outcome. Learning Objective: 5.5 Page Ref: 108-110 A-head: The War of 1812 Skill Level: Analyze It 75) Analyze Map 5-3. How is the Missouri Compromise an example of favorable legislation for the North? Why did the terms of the compromise trouble the South? Ideal Answer: The ideal answer should: 1. Define the earlier Northwest Ordinance and its ban against slavery. 2. Note that the legislation banned slavery north of the Missouri Compromise line, which pleased northern free labor interests. 3. Explain that southern whites felt that the federal government had tampered with a state right by placing a federal limitation to the expansion of slavery. 4. Conclude that southern whites were also disappointed that slavery could not legally expand into new western territories that ironically held similar amounts of acreage as the southern states. Learning Objective: 5.6 Page Ref: 110-111 A-head: The Missouri Compromise Skill Level: Apply What You Know 76) Analyze the mileage key of Map 5-3. How large, comparatively, was the Unorganized Territory relative to the size of the South? Why is this significant for the Missouri Compromise of 1820? Ideal Answer: The ideal answer should: 1. Define the relative size of the Unorganized Territory, using the mileage key, as approximately 1000 square miles. 2. Define the relative size of the southern states, using the mileage key, as approximately the same size as the Unorganized Territory. 3. Define the specific terms of the Missouri Compromise: Maine is admitted as a free state to balance the admission of Missouri as a slave state; the southern border of Missouri becomes the boundary line for exclusion of slavery from the Unorganized Territory. 4. Comment on the significance of the Missouri Compromise in allowing Congress to exclude officially a large territory from the expansion of slavery. Learning Objective: 5.6 Page Ref: 110-111 A-head: The Missouri Compromise Skill Level: Analyze It
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